Union Jacks: Yankee Sailors in the Civil War (Civil War America) Review

Union Jacks: Yankee Sailors in the Civil War (Civil War America)
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After reading on the civil war for 40 years or more, one complaint I've had is that no one writes of the Union navy beyond the officers from admirals downward. Since I served in the U.S. Navy from 1961-1967, it isn't strange that I would hold some interest in these earlier shipmates. So I eagerly awaited the University of North Carolina to issue this book. I purchased a copy and was not disappointed.
I feel the book to be well worthwhile if one is interested in the union jack or blue jackets of that era. Some reviewers may have found the book not quite to their liking, but my humble opinion is that with the paucity of books available on this subject, one should be thankful for almost anything that is written on the area.
One of the more interesting items in this book are the pictures and illustrations. What did these men really look like? The appearance of their hats and uniforms? Here and there, some photographic books do give a clue. But I've encountered few that had as their entire subject the blue jacket of that day. It would seem from the pictures, that one need was to have had at least one banjo on board the ship. And curiously the numbers of navy men barefoot on board. And it was also of interest the number of African American sailors serving on board many of these ships. The Navy welcomed their service at least a year before the Union army, and by war's end upwards of 18% of all Union Navy men were African Americans, honorably serving their country.
With the author's notes covering almost the final 100 pages of this book, it appears very well documented. And as with any Civil War America book from Chapel Hill, you know it is solid history. I applaud this attempt by my fellow Ohioian for his efforts to give these mostly ignored and forgotten men an open hearing. Sadly, they too seemed aware their efforts were lost to history, with the combat armies often being remembered at their expense.
For me, this book is a very good first step in the direction of revealing these men and their naval service to our contemporary readers. I await even more of their stories.
Semper Fi.

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Historians have given a great deal of attention to the lives and experiences of Civil War soldiers, but surprisingly little is known about navy sailors who participated in the conflict. Michael J. Bennett remedies the longstanding neglect of Civil War seamen in this comprehensive assessment of the experience of common Union sailors from 1861 to 1865.
To resurrect the voices of the "Union Jacks," Bennett combed sailors' diaries, letters, and journals. He finds that the sailors differed from their counterparts in the army in many ways. They tended to be a rougher bunch of men than the regular soldiers, drinking and fighting excessively. Those who were not foreign-born, escaped slaves, or unemployed at the time they enlisted often hailed from the urban working class rather than from rural farms and towns. In addition, most sailors enlisted for pragmatic rather than ideological reasons.
Bennett's examination provides a look into the everyday lives of sailors and illuminates where they came from, why they enlisted, and how their origins shaped their service. By showing how these Union sailors lived and fought on the sea, Bennett brings an important new perspective to our understanding of the Civil War.

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The Imperial Cruise: A Secret History of Empire and War Review

The Imperial Cruise: A Secret History of Empire and War
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The Imperial Cruise has an important historical theme, but it suffers from a variety of distractions.

The theme is the role of Theodore Roosevelt in crafting early 20th Century US policy toward the Far East and how this contributed to the descent, more than a generation later, into war with Japan. It is a story of racial prejudice, diplomatic duplicity, presidential hubris, and unintended consequences. Told well, this would have been both great reading and instructive history. James Bradley, however, does not tell it well.
The problems are manifold, beginning with coherence. The title of the book suggests that it is the story of then-Secretary of War William Howard Taft's 1905 cruise to the Far East, and perhaps how that fit into the Asian policy objectives of President Theodore Roosevelt. Using the cruise itinerary to knit together geography and policy could have been a useful literary technique, but it turns out that the cruise is incidental to the book. When, after scores of pages on other topics, Bradley occasionally returns us to Taft and his cruise, it is as often to talk about the celebrity goings-on and romantic intrigues of Taft's traveling companion, First Daughter Alice Roosevelt, as it is to connect policy to facts on the ground. Alice Roosevelt was a very interesting person, but she belongs in a different book.
Then there's the matter of style. Bradley's prose is inappropriately informal, not in the mien of an historian. He regularly refers to Theodore Roosevelt as "Teddy," or, in at least one place, "Big Stick Teddy." He refers to Japanese as "Japs." Korea's competition with Japan is "keep[ing] up with the imperial Joneses," and Japan's and Russia's rapprochement after the Russo-Japanese war is "kiss[ing] and mak[ing] up." An occasional dip into such flippancy can be useful to a writer--to set a tone for a particular passage, for example--but Bradley uses it routinely. This is unserious writing.
One of the important elements of Bradley's thesis is the extent to which American racism at the turn of the 20th Century distorted Roosevelt's perceptions of Far Eastern peoples and led to grave historic consequences. There is a strong argument to be made here, but Bradley overworks it. Whole chapters are given over to describing American racial prejudice and moral obtuseness, for example, while in contrast Filipino insurgents were "freedom fighters," Japanese nationalists were "brave samurai," and the revolutionaries behind the Meiji Restoration were "founding fathers." It is fair for Bradley to go into detail on American racism, because it is important to understanding Roosevelt and his milieu. But the hagiographies to other races tend to detract from his thesis by making him sound highly prejudiced himself. A nod to balance and objectivity would have made the argument more convincingly.
There also seems to be an attempt in a part of the book to equate America's racism and imperialism of 1905 to America's overseas wars today. Speaking of US forces' capture of Manila, Bradley says, apropos nothing, "As with Baghdad more than a century later, Americans assumed that the fall of a capital meant control of the country." First of all, not true. (I was a war planner for Operation Iraqi Freedom. We explicitly discounted this assumption.) Secondly, Baghdad in 2003 had nothing to do with Manila in 1899, so the comparison serves no purpose except as an attempt to introduce the equivalence. To reinforce it, Bradley soon afterwards refers to a torture technique used by US soldiers in the Philippines as "water boarding," even though his own citations of contemporary accounts call it "the water treatment," "water cure," or "water detail," never "water boarding." Finally, Bradley refers to Roosevelt declaring "mission accomplished" in the Philippines, not as a quote from Roosevelt himself, but rather as an evident reference to the banner flown on USS Abraham Lincoln during President George W. Bush's appearance there in May 2003. Once these modern political erratics are introduced in the middle of the book, nothing further is made of them. It's almost as if Bradley wants to accuse America today of the manifest racism of a century ago but lacks the confidence to make the charge openly. If he wants to argue for that equivalence, then that too belongs in a different book.
Despite these shortcomings, there is much to learn from this episode of American history and Bradley's account of it. Many histories of this era glide over the influence of racism; Bradley makes it a central point. There indeed was widespread American racism at the turn of the 20th Century. It had broad cultural and--via certain interpretations of Darwin--"scientific" affirmation. It did influence many such as Roosevelt to approach Far East policy with a particular slant. And there are indeed philosophical and historical threads connecting American racism and expansionism of the late 19th/early 20th Centuries to Japanese racism and expansionism of the 1930s-40s. After the particular faults of Bradley's account fade over time, it is these notions that stay in the mind, and they are valuable cautions. Had Bradley approached this theme with more an historian's eye, he might have produced a work of greater influence and broader acclaim.


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The Professional Naval Officer: A Course to Steer by (U.S. Naval Institute Blue & Gold Professional Library) Review

The Professional Naval Officer: A Course to Steer by (U.S. Naval Institute Blue and Gold Professional Library)
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This book is basically a self-help book for naval officers. As such, I guess the author mostly wants to reach out to:
1) Youngsters considering a naval officer career
2) Cadets
3) Active-duty officers whose careers may not be going as planned
Of course, people may also buy the book for interest value, but I'm hardly the guy he needs to reach out to...
If that's the goal, the author fails miserably. While there are a few interesting factoids on what to expect, they are for the most part predictable and I'm not even in the USN, so I predict there is little new to the serving officer or even cadet. The only somewhat useful discussion is on the merits of going to graduate school vs instructor vs 2nd sea tour. For stuff like Joint Tours and Foreign Tours, the discussion can be summarized as "If you want to promote, take it when you have the chance."
The main message can be summarized as to Work Hard, Be Honest and Take Responsibility. Gee, I need to buy a book to tell me that.
But what sinks the book from Mediocrity to Bad is its handling of "horror story" situations. Common to the 3 categories of readers I mentioned above is that they may have read horror stories about the shortcomings of the USN's centralized personnel system. For the last category, they may already perceive themselves as the protagonist of yet another horror story. One of the major tasks of this book is clearly to refute the horror stories, and it really falls down here.
Except for admitting that some branches (such as amphibious warfare) are indeed disadvantaged in the promotion stakes, plus a symbolic admission that the Bureau of Personnel is not quite perfect, he blames the victim and classifies them as part of the bottom side of the pack. He mentions that their reports are satisfactory or even good by any "absolute standard", but lack "sparkle". He also refers to the "detailing casualties" and claims that the USN goes to extraordinary efforts to accomodate the personal needs of offices.
It may even be true, but when I read that, I recall the horror stories, and cynically think whether the "sparkle" he mentioned is the difference between "Outstanding" & "Excellent" or getting a score below the "98th percentile". And I'm not even a victim. I can only conclude that RADM Winnefeld had not learned, despite long service, that you don't get through to people by blaming them, insisting that they are uninformed, or by telling them to just suck the disappointments up and continue to work hard.
The poor defense is exacerbated by the author's 3 tours in Bureau of Personnel, thus further stripping his defense of credibility. Overall, I won't be surprised if a reader's belief in the horror stories is AFFIRMED through reading the book. As such the book is an utter failure.
Though it almost doesn't matter, it all tops off in a section that marks the author as an arrogant dimwit. Rear Admiral Winnefeld, while I'm willing to buy that USN personnel average better than their Soviet counterparts, there were PLENTY of reasons why the Soviets did not field a carrier battle group, and why US submarines often have an edge - in fact, especially for the 1st case, personnel quality differences probably rank close to last among the reasons. Your attempt to imply it is a primary reason does you no credit, as is your attempts to disparage the upcoming PLA Navy on what seems to be horribly limited information.
In short, it is so bad, it rates as anti-propaganda. The USNI should stop publishing this, to avoid further damage to the USN.

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Witness to Power: The Life of Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy Review

Witness to Power: The Life of Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy
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I am a retired naval officer, therefore an avid student of military and political boigraphies, and non-fictional history. I had read this book about 20 years ago when friend loaned me his copy. Nobody ever hears about Fleet Admiral Leahy who was the senior officer in uniform during WWII, and the Military Advisor to the President, i.e., ChairmaN of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. I felt that it was time to read it again, so I purchased it through Amazon. The memories came back about his devotion to duty and his ability to achieve unanimity of purpose/decision among the Joint Chiefs, and also,desire to avoid personal acclamation. He's the thin naval officer standing behind thePresident at the major conferences of the Allied Chiefs of State. I was not disappointed. For the same reason i will soon reread my copy (to refresh my memory) of the biography of Fleet Admiral King, CNO, ... and C-in-C, U.S. Navy Fleets, about whom I wrote my snior paper at the U.S. Naval Academy.

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For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War Review

For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War
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I loved this book, even though nearly everything in it was new to me and I had to read it slowly to take it all in. Its about time a military expert explained to those of us who devour books on Nelson just how good, and why, Nelson was. Even today's military officers will find great relevance in the way Nelson approached war, says the author, and I agree. I'm buying this book for my nephew, a destroyer officer, because I think he'll get enormous value from Hayward's treatment of Nelson's leadership and command practices. If my nephew realises what Nelson did, that it's better to focus on those below you than those above you, he'll be a successful officer and make his subordinates work willingly for him.
Hayward's coverage of Nelson's abilities is balanced. While Hayward can't hide the fact that he admires him, and doesn't try to hide it, he points out carefully and in a fair way how weak Nelson was in some areas and why these weaknesses caused errors and disasters.
Hayward's approach is to write inter-related chapters that are essentially essays. He doesn't narrate in a chronological fashion like nearly every other writer on Nelson does. He critiques and analyses things, with an expertise in military matters that we haven't seen in Nelson books in recent years.
I applaud this book, which is attractive and has great maps, beautifull illustrations and a handy index.

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Taking a highly original, thematic approach to the study of Horatio Lord Nelson, this book analyzes the admiral's unique war-fighting style. Doctrine, tactics, and operational art are part of the analysis, as are Nelson's command and leadership abilities and his attitudes and beliefs. But the book's focus is on how all these elements combined to form the man whose infectious ethos spread through his entire force. It shows that Nelson's creative genius, excitable and intense personality, dramatic visage, and fervor for all things martial not only inspired courage and loyalty but so dazzled and enflamed the hearts and minds of his men that he reached near cult status in his lifetime. As a professional military analyst who has devoted his career to researching, writing, and teaching about the tactics and operational art of warfare, the author draws on his own training and experience to view the admiral's war fighting from a vantage point not accessible to many of Nelson's leading biographers. Joel Hayward breaks free from the constraints of chronology to thematically explore in greater-than-usual depth and coherence the key aspects of Nelson's fighting style and to answer questions not previously raised about that style and its supporting ideas, including to what degree Nelson's style can be adopted by modern warriors. Nelson scholars and enthusiasts will consider the book to be a fine companion to the more traditional studies of the great admiral. The book will also appeal to students of warfare in general, especially those who focus on the Napoleonic period. 256 pages. 9 photographs. 7 maps. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Hardcover. 6 x 9 inches.

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Paddle Warships: The Earliest Steam Powered Fighting Ships, 1815-1850 (Ship Types) Review

Paddle Warships: The Earliest Steam Powered Fighting Ships, 1815-1850 (Ship Types)
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This is a fascinating book on the early steam warships. Before I read this book, I only imagined paddle boats to be like Mississippi river boats. The book has all the technical information one would need on the design and technology of these warship, including great b/w photos and diagrams.

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Part of the "Conway's Ship Types" series, this volume deals with the introduction of steam power into naval warfare in the form of paddle propulsion, and is based upon the huge collection of plans housed at the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.

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U.S. Submarines Through 1945 : An Illustrated Design History Review

U.S. Submarines Through 1945 : An Illustrated Design History
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If this is not the definitive book, it must come pretty close. As one of the most respected naval analyst, the author covers the birth and development of submersible ships and submarines with minute details from their inceptions to the II WW latest types.
The text is extraordinarily well researched, reflecting its scholar-like approach to the subject; nevertheless it is an easy and relaxing read, expecially if you take into account the deep level of accuracy and precise reconstruction of historical events. Specific aspects of submarine technology are carefully dissected: the naval yard organization, the US Navy Bureaus capacity and their (obviously) rivalry in design competence, the development of powerplants and hulls. A particular attention is dedicated to submarine perfomances evolution, how they were estimated conducting tradeoff studies and inspecting foreign submarines and equipment. In a well orchestrated narration, the book provides a detailed insight into technical and political machinations of subs building programs, explaining the different (to tell the truth I should say conflicting) opinions of political leadership, Staff strategic conceptions for the Arm, service Bureaus technical management and , last but not the least, the real requisites of Commanding Officers, the ultimate users ( and the one that took the risks in combat). A true gem in the volume is the data provided in appendices.They cover mainly submarine propulsion and periscope development: since they are vital technologies, shaping the sub operative capability and seagoing perfomance, full studies are presented giving a clear picture of design and manifacturing practices as demanded by the Navy. Weapons, fire control, sonars, tactics, instruments and systems innovations are also covered. For each of them, the author delivers a clarifying view of "how" scientist and builders achieved leaping technological solutions to enhance fighting capabilities. This authoritative content is supported by a fascinating collection of photographs, complemented by extensive use of cross sections, inboard profiles plus drawings and sketches of abortive designs.
There is no doubt at all, this beatiful hardcover volume will adorn your bookcase, barely withstanding the heavy use it will unquestionably get as a reference source.

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A highly illustrated (b&w) account of the development of USsubmarines that begins with small submarines such as David Bushnell's Revolutionary War Turtle and the Civil War Hunley, which weak navies hoped could help them face down their far more powerful enemies, and ends with the big fleet submar

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