Showing posts with label historical dimensions and perspectives. Show all posts
Showing posts with label historical dimensions and perspectives. Show all posts

James Madison (The American Presidents Series) Review

James Madison (The American Presidents Series)
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Although it is nominally a biography of James Madison, this brief book is actually an examination of Madison's presidency. Wills explores the seeming contradictions between the brilliant Madison responsible for the Constitution and Bill of Rights and the less-than-impressive president.
Wills shows that there is less of a contradiction than there seems to be. The flaws that hurt Madison as a president were actually around much earlier, especially his inability to function well as an executive. Madison was much more a behind-the-scenes person, quite adept in committees or legislative situations, but not as able outside them.
As a biography, this book is rather short and sparse, but by focusing on one portion of Madison's life - the portion which he does not receive great acclaim for - Wills is still able to provide a lot of detail as he analyzes and explains the fourth presidency.

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Hostages of Fortune: Winston Churchill and the Loss of the Prince of Wales and Repulse Review

Hostages of Fortune: Winston Churchill and the Loss of the Prince of Wales and Repulse
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I enjoyed reading about events leading up to the beginning of WWII and specifically about the loss of these two British warships. It's amazing how the Western powers so underestimated the Japanese military capability and, critically, the quality of their pilots and planes. A bit dry, but it would be hard not to be given the details necessary to provide critical background to these events.

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When the British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and the battle cruiser HMS Repulse were sunk by Japanese bombers on 10 December 1941, Winston Churchill is on record as having said 'In all the war I never received a more direct shock'. Their loss led to the fall of Singapore to the Japanese and the end of British supremacy in the Far East until 1945. Their story is an endlessly fascinating one, a story of momentous and difficult decisions, great and heroic men, powerful and graceful ships, cruel twists of fate, and some maddening questions just begging to be answered.

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John Paul Jones : Sailor, Hero, Father of the American Navy Review

John Paul Jones : Sailor, Hero, Father of the American Navy
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For Evan Thomas to remind readers that John Paul Jones was his own worst enemy, that his vanity, ego and ambition rivaled those of the preening Alexander Hamilton is unnecessary and an understatement. John Paul Jones was, as much as the knowledge pained him, a glory hound. He was also one of the bravest, most skilled and dashing officers in the services of the United States during the Revolutionary War, and Thomas brings the cantankerous, manic-depressive little bulldog to vivid life for today's historians, history buffs and armchair adventurers. The highest highs and lowest lows of Jones's life toss, exalt, thrill, and lurch the reader like an unpredictable sea, and what a wonderful voyage it is!
John Paul Jones is the latest "self-made man" to appear in a biography, following on the heels of Willard Sterne Randall's cumbersome yet well-rendered "Alexander Hamilton: A Life." From humble roots, the son of a Scottish gardener, Jones was determined to rise from under the oppression of the European class system. He gazed out across the magnificent gardens created by his father and saw the ocean, with its seemingly endless horizon -and that is how Jones decided to live the rest of his life: He would expand, grow himself and mold his image anew, as wide as the sea, as broad as the sky.
As much taken with sail and sea as they took him, John Paul Jones was a natural, a gifted sailor who always tried to improve himself, whether his nautical skills, or by reading books to absorb philosophy and seeking the company of men from whom he knew he could learn. Unfortunately, Jones was never able to subdue his passions sufficiently, not sufficiently enough for any self-reflection to temper his sensitivities and thin skin, nor for him to ever cultivate the necessary strengths to achieve his highest ambition: Appointment to the rank of Admiral in the United States Navy. He would have to travel to Russia near the end of his life and enter the service of Catherine the Great to achieve that rank, but as fundamentally flawed and blameful as Jones was, he was not a rank human being. He was steadfast, loyal to his adopted country, America, and never gave in to the easy profit of privateering or ever turned his back on the Stars and Stripes.
He was as big-hearted and melodramatic as he was tragic and romantic, a sometimes womanizer who barely had a head for wine and never drank hard liquor. Like Thomas Jefferson, Jones was a paragon of paradox and yet always was, in the best sense, an American patriot.
It's painful to look on, page after page, reading about Jones's exploits and ideas, tactics and tales, only to see him constantly self-destruct, eventually alienating every single person around him. Nonetheless, Jones knew how to fight in an age where most men achieved rank through connections and lineage, and even though he didn't always win, he won enough: Jones was a tonic for fledgling America, and any other person or power savvy enough to employ his courage.
Sadly, Jones was far from the best judge of character, and often found himself in an impossibly frustrating, nightmarish circumstance because of his own inability to discern veneer from character, though Jones seems to have had plenty of character, and yet constantly coveted superficial laurels of those less worthy. But no matter how badly he may have comported himself, and in spite of how myopic most of his handlers were, blinded to Jones's full potential, "Little Jones" was indeed a mouse that roared.
Whether Jones ever knew it during his life, he certainly reflected the rigid principles of honor to which he held himself and others, and Evan Thomas has written a flowing, absorbing book about John Paul Jones, a man who cherished freedom above all else, and helped bring it to so many others.

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The Italian Navy in World War II (Contributions in Military Studies) Review

The Italian Navy in World War II (Contributions in Military Studies)
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The naval war in the Mediterranean is often overshadowed by the land war waged by the Italo-German forces in North Africa, and Hitler's relentless effort to conquer Russia. As a result, little attention has been given to exploring the dynamics which determined the dismal outcome for Italian naval forces in the Middle Sea and that of the Axis powers on the whole. In his book "The Italian Navy in World War II," James Sadkovich attempts to transform the negative perception attached to the performance of the Italian Navy by revealing the difficulties under which that service operated.
The "Italian Navy in World War II" represents a technical approach to understanding the RMI's inherent limitations in WW II. Sadkovich details the material and technological disadvantages faced by the Italian Navy; as well as Hitler's failure to see the RMI's surface fleet as nothing more than escort vessels for supply ships bound to North Africa. Well researched, and supported by myriad tables and statistics, his argument follows the chronology of naval battles in the Mediterranean and offers a provocative rendition.
Sadkovich explores Mussolini's lack of vision, Italy's weak industrial capabilities, the effect of losing the "battle for radar" and the devastating result of German neglect that manifested chiefly in the RMI's perpetual lack of fuel. Due attention is also given to the exceptional performance of the officers and crew of the RMI, as well as the success of Italy's smaller "insidious" craft.
Revisionist histories often suffer from a lack of substance and they frequently represent an opinion rather than an approach. Sadkovich's technical method, however, lends immense credibility to his thesis and thus constitutes a palatable revisionist history.
An excellent companion to Sadkovich's work can be found in that of Italian torpedo boat commander Marc Antonio Bragadin. Less conditional than Sadkovich's work, Bragadin's text is a primary source which offers personal ! insight and places a large share of the RMI's failure within the Italian armed forces itself.

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This revisionist history convincingly argues that the Regia Marina Italiana (the Royal Italian Navy) has been neglected and maligned in assessments of its contributions to the Axis effort in World War II. After all, Italy was the major Axis player in the Mediterranean, and it was the Italian navy and air force, with only sporadic help from their German ally, that stymied the British navy and air force for most of the thirty-nine months that Italy was a belligerent. It was the Royal Italian Navy that provided the many convoys that kept the Axis war effort in Africa alive by repeatedly braving attack by aircraft, submarine, and surface vessels. If doomed by its own technical weaknesses and Ultra (the top-secret British decoding device), the Italian navy still fought a tenacious and gallant war; and if it did not win that war, it avoided defeat for thirty-nine, long, frustrating months.

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George Washington's Secret Navy: How the American Revolution Went to Sea Review

George Washington's Secret Navy: How the American Revolution Went to Sea
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I had just finished Patriot Pirates and was completely disappointed in it so it was with a bit of trepidation that I began this book. The title smacked of bad marketing but to my pleasant surprise the content was fantastic.
The story of the Siege of Boston has been told many times but never from the naval perspective. The author makes an interesting read and a compelling case out of Gen. Washington's slow embrace of sea power as a lever against the British. The existence of both Washington's small fleet of essentially privateers and Congress's eventual authorization of an actual navy was a surprise to me. Though I have read a few naval histories I had never come across this fact. He consistently refers back to his thesis of the fleet's impact on the siege by giving a fair assesment of the actual vs. psychological impact of the naval action. He pays mind to the benefits to the Continental Army and the detriment to the British of the seized material. The author blends the large scale operation of ousting the British from Boston with the small scale dramas of fitting out ships and several of there engagements. Good attention is paid to the characters other than the name brands guys (Washington, Knox, Greene, etc) whom you can read about else(every)where.
I think both enjoyable to the novice reader as well as someone with a good level of knowledge of the era or naval history. I would recommend that if you are not familiar with ships of the age you have a handy guide to naval terminology as it is used quite freely without a glossary. Probably will not distract from your enjoyment but you may not get as much from the reading.
I am looking forward to his prior book Benedict Arnold's Navy. Now if someone could just write a history of the occupation of Boston, and not just the highlights and the siege, I'd be really happy.

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