Showing posts with label italy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label italy. Show all posts

MUSSOLINI'S WAR: Fascist Italy's Military Struggles from Africa and Western Europe to the Mediterranean and Soviet Union 1935-45 Review

MUSSOLINI'S WAR: Fascist Italy's Military Struggles from Africa and Western Europe to the Mediterranean and Soviet Union 1935-45
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My friends and I were somewhat mystified by the vehemence of criticism "Mussolini's War" has drawn from some amazon reviewers. We are all history buffs, do a lot of reading about World War Two especially, and were attracted to this title, because there are so few others of this genre (besides technical and political accounts) in English. Each one of us was left breathless by this book's fast pace and vast scope. It provides a unique over-view of the Second World War written in clear prose, but filled with innumerable details, as compelling as they were new to us.
"Mussolini's War" reads very much like a huge epic, with individual heroes and villains acting against the backdrop of a global conflagration. The Duce himself turns out to be a far more complex character than the two-dimensional bully caricaturized by mainstream historians. In a nutshell, what makes this book different from all the rest are Italy's numerous, previously unrecognized military triumphs and technological advances described nowhere else. For the first time, we learn about Mussolini's atomic bomb project, the triumph of his Mediterranean fleet over Britain's Royal Navy, his jet planes, routing the Americans on Sicily and in northern Italy, trouncing the Soviets in Russia with history's last cavalry charge, sinking U.S. freighters off Brazil, wiping out British battleships in one blow at Alexandria, saving Rommel's Afrika Korps in Libya, a round-trip counter-espionage mission from Rome to Tokyo, and much, much more material that is shocking to learn for its newness.
In short, "Mussolini's War" is a kind of lost history that radically revises preconceptions held about him for nearly seventy years. Perhaps that explains the hostility of conventional historians, who have their own, set view of things; a perspective that gives them comfort they feel needs defending.
Revealingly, one of the hostile amazon reviewers admits he is himself a published writer on the subject. His and his fellow critics attempt to savage "Mussolini's War", while ignoring its profusely documented research. They resort to arguing over armament disparities (which appear to arise from different sources) and other, relatively insignificant details. The skeptics insist Joseph made up his book out of sheer fantasy. If so, how can they account for his hundreds of footnotes and long list of source materials?
These are quibbles aimed at disparaging the far more significant story he offers. Should we have allowed such mean-spirited carping to make us pass over this book, we would have been cheated out of reading the most thorough, eye-opening and dramatic re-telling of World War Two from the Italian perspective in print.


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The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of the Mafia and the U.S. Navy Review

The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of the Mafia and the U.S. Navy
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Rodney Campbell's "The Luciano Project: The Secret Wartime Collaboration of the Mafia and the U.S. Navy" is a fascinating two-pronged history. The first story, as the subtitle indicates, has to do with the Navy's recruitment of the Luciano crime family to protect New York's waterfront (including the Brooklyn Navy Yard) from Nazi saboteurs and u-boats. After all, the government reasoned, who is better qualified to protect the docks than the people who have controlled them for decades? This was, as Campbell points out, very pragmatic. However, from a moral and legal view, this was extremely problemmatic.
The second history, however, is an ironic one, so ironic it nearly makes one laugh. Once the Navy paid Luciano and the mob all that cash to protect the docks, one thing was never established: Did the Mafia do its job? In other words, who regulated the Mafia? To whom did the wise-guys submit their progress reports? How many spies and saboteurs did the Mafia catch, if any? Or did they just take the money and run, and hope for the best? Did they even hope for the best? As far as the mob was the concerned, if the docks blew up, so what? What would the government do about it? Sue them for breach of contract? What contract? You get the idea.
Much like Christopher Simpson's "Blowback" which explores the government's protection of Nazis after the war, in order to exploit their intelligence against the Communists, Campbell's "Luciano Project" is an examination of that old saying "All's fair in love and war." But at what cost? Is it justifiable to hire and protect killers (Nazis and Mafiosi did kill people, after all) in order to protect National Security? Is it justifiable to keep such things secret from the public? It's something for every American to think about, especially given what's going on in our post-9/11 country.

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The Italian Navy in World War II (Contributions in Military Studies) Review

The Italian Navy in World War II (Contributions in Military Studies)
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The naval war in the Mediterranean is often overshadowed by the land war waged by the Italo-German forces in North Africa, and Hitler's relentless effort to conquer Russia. As a result, little attention has been given to exploring the dynamics which determined the dismal outcome for Italian naval forces in the Middle Sea and that of the Axis powers on the whole. In his book "The Italian Navy in World War II," James Sadkovich attempts to transform the negative perception attached to the performance of the Italian Navy by revealing the difficulties under which that service operated.
The "Italian Navy in World War II" represents a technical approach to understanding the RMI's inherent limitations in WW II. Sadkovich details the material and technological disadvantages faced by the Italian Navy; as well as Hitler's failure to see the RMI's surface fleet as nothing more than escort vessels for supply ships bound to North Africa. Well researched, and supported by myriad tables and statistics, his argument follows the chronology of naval battles in the Mediterranean and offers a provocative rendition.
Sadkovich explores Mussolini's lack of vision, Italy's weak industrial capabilities, the effect of losing the "battle for radar" and the devastating result of German neglect that manifested chiefly in the RMI's perpetual lack of fuel. Due attention is also given to the exceptional performance of the officers and crew of the RMI, as well as the success of Italy's smaller "insidious" craft.
Revisionist histories often suffer from a lack of substance and they frequently represent an opinion rather than an approach. Sadkovich's technical method, however, lends immense credibility to his thesis and thus constitutes a palatable revisionist history.
An excellent companion to Sadkovich's work can be found in that of Italian torpedo boat commander Marc Antonio Bragadin. Less conditional than Sadkovich's work, Bragadin's text is a primary source which offers personal ! insight and places a large share of the RMI's failure within the Italian armed forces itself.

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This revisionist history convincingly argues that the Regia Marina Italiana (the Royal Italian Navy) has been neglected and maligned in assessments of its contributions to the Axis effort in World War II. After all, Italy was the major Axis player in the Mediterranean, and it was the Italian navy and air force, with only sporadic help from their German ally, that stymied the British navy and air force for most of the thirty-nine months that Italy was a belligerent. It was the Royal Italian Navy that provided the many convoys that kept the Axis war effort in Africa alive by repeatedly braving attack by aircraft, submarine, and surface vessels. If doomed by its own technical weaknesses and Ultra (the top-secret British decoding device), the Italian navy still fought a tenacious and gallant war; and if it did not win that war, it avoided defeat for thirty-nine, long, frustrating months.

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The German Navy at War: Vol. I The Battleships Review

The German Navy at War: Vol. I  The Battleships
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Breyer covers a subject about which not much has been previously written, and accompanies the text with some wonderful and rare photos. Those who are students of WWII, and who want to know more about the concept of The Fleet in Being, and the Kriegsmarine's application of it, will learn from, and enjoy, this book. Highly recommended, especially for collectors of WWII naval history.

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