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At War With The Wind Review

At War With The Wind
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This is a quite remarkable assemblage of anecdotes detailing the carnage wrought by Japanese aerial and naval suicide campaigns conducted against Allied forces in the Pacific during World War II. The bulk of the book consists of explicit, blow-by-blow descriptions of a number of these horrifyingly deadly attacks. Sears obviously went to great lengths to obtain official action summaries, diaries, letters, first-hand accounts by survivors, interviews with unsuccessful attackers, and many other sources providing vivid portrayals of the incidents.
Despite the value of Sears' depictions as a record of the atrocities resulting from the kamikaze phenomenon, this book's readability and overall value are diminished by several significant defects. The text contains multitudes of punctuation goofs, mistaken or misleading word choices, and other basic typographical errors that any competent copy editor should catch on the first reading. Sears, obviously an experienced Navy man, throws many acronyms and other jargon into his narratives, often neglecting to define them at first use. A glossary explains many of these terms, but the requirement to consult it so frequently detracts from the flow of reading.
A more serious weakness is the inconsistency of both fact and commentary in Sears' attempts to frame his battle reports with summaries of the major events in the tide of war in the Pacific. The frustrating thing is that he does a marvelous job of introducing many of the pivotal battles and decisions in a way that even the least knowledgeable of readers can understand. But, probably in an effort to remain concise, in some places he omits or skews facts to the extent that those same neophyte readers may come away with misconceptions that might never be corrected. For instance, the Battle of Midway is dismissed in a paragraph without any indication of the crucial role of this engagement in shaping the rest of the Pacific air war. Sears' description of the SBD Dauntless dive bomber not only misspells its designation as SPD, but confuses it with its predecessor, the SB2U-3 Vindicator, mistakenly bestowing the latter's unfortunate nickname of "wind indicator" on the far more airworthy Dauntless. The universally respected Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher receives short shrift throughout the book, coming across to any uninitiated reader as a hesitant, obstructionist figure mainly responsible for losing carriers Lexington (CV-2) and Yorktown (CV-5) and serving more as an obstacle than a competent leader at Guadalcanal. (Sears probably picked up his negative view of Fletcher from Samuel Eliot Morison, who had been offended by the publicity-shy admiral's refusal to cooperate with his naval history research.)
One of the more ironic gaps is Sears' failure to provide any detail in mentioning the gallant sacrifice of the American ships of Taffy 3 during the Battle Off Samar in October 1944. As described by James Hornfischer in his excellent book The Last Stand of the Tin Can Sailors: The Extraordinary World War II Story of the U.S. Navy's Finest Hour, destroyer Johnston and destroyer escort Samuel B. Roberts charged the battleships and heavy cruisers of Admiral Korita's armada at point-blank range with such ferocity that the Japanese fled in disarray, thereby sparing the Leyte landings from probable disruption. In the face of certain destruction, USS Johnston executed not one but two attack runs, the second after the ship had already been riddled with shells and many of the crew were dead. This heroism presents such an obvious parallel to the deliberately suicidal behavior of the kamikazes that its omission is incomprehensible in a book of this level of detail, particularly since Sears himself is a former destroyer officer. On the other side of the conflict, Japan's long-standing traditions of death with honor and respect for suicide receive little attention, and there's no mention of the naval officer generally credited with drawing up the first plan for a Special Attack Corps, Lt. Comm. Jo Eiichiro, whose samurai heritage undoubtedly spawned the concept.
I think the most damaging lapse is the book's denouement without a thorough treatment of the potential for catastrophe inherent in a land invasion of the Japanese home islands. After sprinkling numerous implied comparisons of damage caused by kamikazes in outlying areas with a presumably vastly greater toll to be inflicted during the final battle, Sears ends his account with only a cursory mention of the atomic bombs and a few anecdotes illustrating the joys (and problems) meeting homecoming sailors and airmen after the war. In light of Sears' diligence in research and access to original databases and first-hand sources, it seems likely that he should be able to contribute significantly to the ongoing discussion of hypothetical losses due to suicide attacks that purport to justify the use of the atomic bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Appendices listing ships and crew victimized by kamikazes are limited to those personally researched by Sears. Hundreds more were targeted by suicide planes, and their story remains to be documented by a more complete, if perhaps less graphic, chronicle. Although this is an outstanding record of the ghastly effects of many individual suicide attacks, it cannot stand alone as a history and analysis of suicide missions in general, their significance in the overall war picture, or their lasting effects on victims from both sides.


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A Main Selection of the Military Book Club and a Featured Alternate of the History Book ClubIn the last days of World War II, a new and baffling weapon terrorized the United States Navy in the Pacific. To the sailors who learned to fear them, the body-crashing warriors of Japan were known as suiciders; among the Japanese, they were named for a divine wind that once saved the home islands from invasion: kamikaze. Told from the perspective of the men who endured this horrifying tactic, At War with the Wind is the first book to recount in nail-biting detail what it was like to experience an attack by Japanese kamikazes. David Sears, acclaimed author of The Last Epic Naval Battle, draws on personal interviews and unprecedented research to create a narrative of war that is stunning in its vivid re-creations. Born of desperation in the face of overwhelming material superiority, suicide attacks by aircraft, submarines, small boats, and even manned rocket-boosted gliders were capable of inflicting catastrophic damage, testing the resolve of officers and sailors as never before. Sears s gripping account focuses on the vessels whose crews experienced the full range of the kamikaze nightmare. From carrier USS St. Lo, the first U.S. Navy vessel sunk by an orchestrated kamikaze attack, to USS Henrico, a transport ship that survived the landings at Normandy only to be sent to the Pacific and struck by suicide planes off Okinawa, and USS Mannert L. Abele, the only vessel sunk by a rocket-boosted piloted glider during the war, these unforgettable stories reveal, as never before, one of the most horrifying and misunderstood chapters of World War II. This is the candid story of a war within a war a relentless series of furious and violent engagements pitting men determined to die against men determined to live. Its echoes resonate hauntingly at a time of global conflict, when suicide as a weapon remains a perplexing and terrifying reality. November 1, 1945 Leyte Gulf The destroyer Killen (DD-593) was besieged, shooting down four planes, but taking a bomb hit from a fifth. Pharmacist mate Ray Cloud, watching from the fantail, saw the plane a sleek twin-engine Frances fighter-bomber swoop in low across the port side. As its pilot released his bomb, Cloud said to himself, He dropped it too soon, and then watched as the plane roared by pursued and chewed up by fire from Killen's 40- and 20-mm guns. The bomb hit the water, skipped once and then penetrated Killen's port side hull forward, exploding between the #2 and #3 magazines. The blast tore a gaping hole in Killen's side and water poured in. By the time Donice Copeland, eighteen, a radar petty officer, emerged on deck from the radar shack, the ship's bow was practically submerged and the ship itself was nearly dead in the water. Practically all the casualties were awash below decks. Two unwounded sailors, trapped below in the ship's emergency generator room, soon drowned. The final tally of dead eventually climbed to fifteen.

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We Were Pirates: A Torpedoman's Pacific War Review

We Were Pirates: A Torpedoman's Pacific War
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When I picked up We Were Pirates I expected a firsthand account of the Pacific War with a ghost writer and what I found was that two men have edited and woven Chief Robert Hunt's diary into We Were Pirates. While well written I found myself wishing I was reading Chief Hunt's diary with commentary by Chief Hunt. At one point Hunt by mistake fires a torpedo then the authors kept on talking about a leak in the torpedo room. It seems likely that the torpedo went through the outer torpedo tube door and damaged the tube causing the leak but the authors lack of knowledge of submarines is shown here. The authors spend too much time on Hunt's time ashore and not enough exploring the war patrols or bringing in other material supplementing Hunt's diary. the pressures of the war patrols would be far more helpful than the exploits of Chief Hunt's letting off steam. The purpose of a good History is to explore causes in order to understand the consequences, I found myself skipping over the beach portions of the book.
The end of the book became difficult to read because the main author Robert Schultz goes into first person account of hero worship for Chief Hunt and while interesting the purpose of reading this book is to know about Chief Hunt experiences not Dr. Schultz's. It is a very irritating trend in recent histories to have the author imbed themselves into the narrative. In the end it was an easy read but a book that I can't say added much to the submarine history library. It is a shame we couldn't have Chief Hunt's words and experience firsthand.

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A sailor's extraordinary experiences on an American submarine in the Pacific are candidly reported in this eyewitness account of war from a torpedoman's perspective. Robert Hunt managed to survive twelve consecutive war patrols on the submarine USS Tambor. During the course of the war, Hunt was everywhere that mattered in the Pacific. He stood on the bow of the Tambor as it cruised into Pearl Harbor just days after the devastation of the Japanese air raid, peered through binoculars as his boat shadowed Japanese cruisers at the Battle of Midway, ferried guns and supplies to American guerilla fighters in the Philippines, fired torpedoes that sank vital Japanese shipping, and survived a near-fatal, seventeen-hour depth-charge attack. For exceptional skill and proficiency at his battle station Hunt received a commendation from Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz. This WWII torpedoman's account of the war offers the rare perspective of an enlisted seaman that is not available in the more common officer accounts. To capture and recount the progress of the Pacific War through Hunt's eyes coauthors Robert Schultz and James Shell examined the young submariner's war diary, as well as crew letters, photographs, and captains' reports, and they also conducted hours of interviews. Their vivid descriptions of the ways in which sailors dealt with the stress of war while at sea or on liberty show a side of the war that is rarely reported. The fact that Hunt's submarine was the first of a new fleet of World War II boats and the namesake of a significant class adds further value to his remarkable story.

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Hunt and Kill: U-505 and the U-boat War in the Atlantic Review

Hunt and Kill: U-505 and the U-boat War in the Atlantic
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There has been great interest in the Museum of Science and Industry's current restoration of U-505. With perfect timing, this newly released book will help fill a gap in people's knowledge of the U-boat war in general, and U-505's remarkable history in particular.

Most people know U-505 was captured intact, and eventually became the chief exhibit at the MSI in Chicago. The fact that it was the first warship captured by the US Navy since the War of 1812, and the only warship captured during WWII, makes U-505 of great historic value. Stopping there, however, would sell the story short. Before and after its capture, the boat enjoyed an extremely interesting career. Most U-boats ended their war as final resting places for their crews or, if they were lucky, survived the war without any successes to speak of. Neither was true for U-505.

Hunt and Kill: U-505 and the U-boat War in the Atlantic, edited by Theodore P. Savas, is not just another "How U-505 was captured" story. Instead, it is a collection of chapters by some of the best U-boat historians writing today. Gathering them all together to write on this subject was a risky proposition, for many similar compendiums produce a disjointed and unfocused book of uneven quality. Theodore Savas, as an experienced editor and writer, has avoided these pitfalls by gathering the finest talent available and getting the best possible from each contributor. The various chapters fit seamlessly together and add substantially to the final product.

The greatest U-boat man alive today, Erich Topp (U-552), opens the book with a Foreword that is typically reflective of what the subject means for mankind. The other contributors are mostly well known to aficionados of U-boat books. Timothy Mulligan and Eric Rust in particular make welcome and long overdue returns (with Rust contributing a moving Introduction). Other familiar names are Lawrence Paterson, Jak Mallmann Showell and Jordan Vause. These veteran writers are joined by Mark Wise, a naval intelligence officer, and Keith Gill, U-505's curator in Chicago at the MSI.

The story of U-505 is shaped by two complex components: the type of U-boat it was, and the men that gave it life. The Type IX was a weapons system and thus the limitations and strengths of this system's design imparted a template for the successes and failures experienced by its crew. With great clarity and insight, Eric Rust writes of the corresponding strategic successes and failures of the larger picture of Type IX deployments in "No Target too Far: The Genesis, Concept, and Operations of Type IX U-boats in World War II."

While in some part mirroring the whole U-boat war, Type IXs in many respects enjoyed a separate experience apart from the war fought by the Type VIIs. Rust presents compelling arguments for what made Type IX operations unique in their repeated successes as the long reaching arm of the Kriegsmarine. Often misunderstood and underrated, the Type IX was a design that repaid astute deployment, even rating statistically better in some ways than the more famous Type VII. Well read U-boat fans and newcomers alike will find much of interest here, as Rust paves the way for the balance of the chapters that follow.

Like all warships, the organic component making up each individual u-boat was critical to its success. The close working relationships aboard these boats form a large part of the 'mystique' that intrigues so many of us. Timothy Mulligan shows why U-505 personified Karl Döntz's famous statement that a U-boat crew was a "community bound by fate." In a chapter of the same name, and in his customarily meticulous but easy style, Mulligan covers in depth the men who made up U-505's crew, their positions, and their changing makeup due to crew turnover during the boat's career. He cuts through the numbers and details to paint a clear picture of what was really going on in U-505 and the larger U-bootwaffe at different times as fortunes waxed and waned.

For readers who enjoyed Mulligan's masterful examination of the men of the U-bootwaffe in his book Neither Sharks Nor Wolves, this is a welcome repeat demonstration of his talent for seeing through numbers, names and dates and finding an underlying trend, a human side to the procession of more than 100 different men who served aboard U-505. Where Mulligan's book turns a scholar's eye to the whole community of submariners, this chapter focuses on the story of a single boat. As he concludes, the background and character of the men who crewed U-boats are not easily defined, and thus defy stereotyping.

Mulligan offers relevant insights into the background and personal stories of many who served on U-505. One hundred and fifteen officers and men were assigned to U-505. Unfortunately, there was not room to give them all mention, but the examples we see are representative in their variety. This section is a pivotal element to the book, for the events that follow are indeed those of a shared community, who like any other combat unit, had its fair share of ordinary men, enigmatic men, men who rose to the occasion, men who did their best, and some men who failed when put to the test. Mulligan also disproves the notion that U-505 was an unlucky boat, for most of the men who served on U-505 survived the war. For a service that suffered losses like no other before or since, that alone is a noteworthy observation.

Lawrence Paterson offers the next chapter, telling the story of U-505 from an operational point of view. "From Lion's Roar to Blunted Axe: The Combat Patrols of U-505" carries the readers along as the boat is launched, commissioned, worked up, and sent to the front to hunt allied shipping. Few people realize U-505 made several successful patrols before her last effort off the west coast of Africa. This is Paterson's expertise: bringing to life operational histories. Those who have read his First U-Boat Flotilla and Second U-boat Flotilla books will know what to expect: detailed, accurate narrative woven around anecdotes, facts, and official records from primary sources. Paterson is a prolific writer with three published books and a fourth on the way.

Paterson fans get a bonus chapter later in the book called "Collision Course: Task Group 22.3 and the Hunt for U-505," which tells about the final fateful encounter between the Allied hunters and the Axis U-boat. Savas made a good choice here, as Paterson always breathes life into operational details and "tells history" with ease.

Many readers are familiar with Ultra and the project to break the ciphers used by BdU to communicate with and control U-boat operations. Mark Wise and Jak Showell shed light on the lesser known story of the American side of the intelligence war. Wise is a signals intelligence specialist and much of what is offered in their joint chapter entitled "Deciphering the U-boat War: The Role of Intelligence in the Capture of U-505" was new to me.

Another overdue return to U-boat writing is Jordan Vause's contribution, a much needed analysis of the moments leading up to the capture of U-505 from the perspective of the Germans. "Desperate Decisions: The German Loss of U-505" offers an in depth examination of not just what happened at the time of the boat's capture, but why it happened. Vause shows us that actions and decisions have consequences, and some decisions lead irrevocably down a path that can't be altered. It is written in the typical Vause style.

The story of U-505 does not end with the boat's capture. I admit that initially I was a little dubious about the final section, but soon realized how wrong I was. Keith Gill, the boat's curator, tells a fascinating story of how U-505 escaped scrapping to become the MSI's star exhibit in "Project 356: U-505 and the Journey to Chicago." It was not, as many think, just simple matter of towing U-505 to Chicago and putting her on exhibit. Getting the boat there was nearly impossible, and Gill offers a gripping account of the constant on-the-edge failure, politics, bickering, money, egos, legal hassles, and behind-the-scenes maneuvering. Now you can find out the whole story. Gill makes it clear that we really are lucky the boat survived all the bureaucratic bungling to be preserved as a memorial for us all to see and ponder. Gill also casts aside the "unlucky boat" label often attached to U-505. After reading Hunt and Kill you will agree with him.

There are 3 maps of U-505's operational patrols and over 60 photos in Hunt and Kill. Comprehensive explanatory (and very interesting) notes and informative appendixes round off this well executed book. The writers are all perfectly suited for their topics, the subject is deeply interesting, and with current restoration and re-housing of U-505, the timing is perfect. Savas has once more assembled a star team of writers and together they have produced a winner. He also makes it clear that the book could not have been accomplished without their expertise.

If you are interested in U-boats or Naval History, Hunt and Kill: U-505 and the U-boat War in the Atlantic is a must have.

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From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War (Alabama Fire Ant Alabama Fire Ant Alabama Fire Ant) Review

From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War (Alabama Fire Ant Alabama Fire Ant Alabama Fire Ant)
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A complete and thorough 453 page history of the events along the coast and inland water ways of North Carolina and Virginia during the American Civil War. Browning provides an in-depth discussion of the logistics, tactics and strategy of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, which played a very important and often overlooked role during the Civil War. Its successes benefitted the efforts of the Union's Army of the Potomac and adversely affected the operations of Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. There is also a succinct explanation of the campaign to capture Wilmington, North Carolina and the broader effects that campaign had on Lee's army. Eight maps, fourteen illustrations and over a hundred pages of notes and bibliography augment the text.

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Theodore Ro0Sevelt and the Great White Fleet: American Sea Power Comes of Age Review

Theodore Ro0Sevelt and the Great White Fleet: American Sea Power Comes of Age
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Wimmel has put together an impressive account of the rebirth of the US Navy under the guidance of Teddy Roosevelt. No other US president before or since has had such an impact on the Navy and its role in US foreign policy. Wimmel charts the course from the depths of naval ruin in 1880 (when Peru had a bigger Naval presence then the US) until the capstone adventure of the world tour of the 16 battleships composing the Great White Fleet in 1907.While I do find that Wimmel story line occasionally wanders, he has a habit of bring you right back on track. It is a story full of TR and the men who helped him shape the Navy (Sims, Mahan, Long et all). An amazing story about an amazing future and then serving US President. This is also a very readable work that saves the scholarly details for the appendix, a good source of further study in its own right peppered with comments by the author on those sources. A must for TR buffs and Navy fans alike.

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PT 109 : John F. Kennedy in WWII Review

PT 109 : John F. Kennedy in WWII
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As Daniel Schorr in the new forward to this book suggests, World War 2 brought out the best in many men, and the ones who manned the motor torpedo boats were among the bravest, setting out in small plywood boats to fight an enemy in often large ships. The ordeal that Kennedy and his crew went through after PT-109 was destroyed is a story of courage that will last the ages. It is obvious that Robert Donovan was very careful to get the facts straight as he wrote this book, it is a great war story. For me it was a page turner, written in an easy to read, flowing style. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this, a gem of a book about a small piece of American history, a fascinating account indeed. Kennedy is portrayed, and rightly so, as a compassionate and intelligent young man.
In a very fine afterword to this 40th anniversary edition, Duane Hove give us additional details of Kennedy's military service, and also interesting text on the history of the PT boats before, during, and after the war, and also where you can see PT boats on display today, only a few of these magnificent boats remain with us.

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Seventeen years before John F. Kennedy became the 35th president of the United States - in the early morning of August 2, 1943, to be exact - a PT or Motor Torpedo Boat under his command was rammed and sliced in half by a Japanese destroyer in the waters of Blackett Strait, in the Solomon Islands. Kennedy's wartime career had been unremarkable to that point. He had shown a talent for scrounging the occasional loaf of bread or haunch of New Zealand mutton for his crew, he had nearly destroyed a refuelling dock in his rush to be the first PT boat returning from overnight patrols, and he was a congenial and businesslike commander of his tiny boat with its crew of twelve. The PT boats were the terriers of the Pacific Fleet, yapping at the enemy's heels but rarely getting the chance for heroics, and PT109 was no exception. Kennedy's first direct confrontation with an enemy ship was the one that sank his boat. There was no time to react; in the concealing darkness, with no radar, the destroyer was inside torpedo range before they saw it.In the aftermath of the ramming, as the destroyer swept away and fired two shots back at the broken and burning PT boat, and with an injured back, Kenne Gathering his surviving crew to the derelict forward section of the boat, which was still floating, Kennedy swam into the darkness and towed the injured back to the hulk. He would spend 30 of the next 36 hours in the water, during which time he and the crew swam three miles to a small island with Kennedy towing a badly burned survivor. Over the next three days Kennedy placed his life at risk in the effort to secure the rescue of his crew, which was finally effected on day 4. Only two men were lost, and those at the time of the collision. In September 1943 Kennedy assumed command of PT59 and was promoted to Lieutenant. In October he plucked 50 marines from the water beneath enemy guns. In November, suffering from a ruptured disc and malaria, Kennedy was directed by a doctor to leave his command, and returned stateside in early 1944 weighing just 125 pounds. He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps medal and the Purple Heart.In August 1963, three months before his assassination, Kennedy wrote: "Any man who may be asked in this century what he did to make his life worthwhile, I think can respond with a good deal of pride and satisfaction, 'I served in the United States Navy'".

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Teddy Roosevelt's Great White Fleet Review

Teddy Roosevelt's Great White Fleet
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James Reckner, a professor of history at Texas Tech University and a former officer in the United States Navy, examines the around-the-world cruise of the U.S. Navy's Atlantic Battleship Fleet in. Using government documents, newspapers, unpublished manuscripts, and a wide variety of secondary sources, Reckner argues that the logistical and diplomatic accomplishments of the Great White Fleet's cruise, which sailed the world from December 1907 to February 1909, remained a decisive factor in testing the capabilities of the U.S. Navy. The author suggests that historians have mistakenly emphasized the fleet's effect on diplomacy without considering the technical aspect of the fleet's voyage. Reckner asserts that the need to test the fleet proved the overriding consideration behind the Navy Department's decision to conduct the cruise. He highlights the significance of the cruise by repeatedly pointing out the number of obstacles facing early twentieth-century vessels, specifically that battleships of the period were far less reliable than modern warships. Reckner argues the Great White Fleet proved an influential cause behind the U.S. Navy's re-examination of its organization and battleship design during the world's unprecedented naval expansion prior to World War I. Reckner examines the state of naval affairs at the turn of the century and how it influenced a change in American naval policy during the Roosevelt administration. He traces the fleet's voyage of sixteen battleships and over 14,000 men as they departed from Hampton Roads, Virginia and sailed down the coast of South America, up the West Coast, only to pause for several weeks in San Francisco Harbor. While at California, naval officials reorganized the fleet and the ships got underway to cross the Pacific. After sailing to Hawaii, the fleet headed south to New Zealand and then Australia, Manila, Yokohama, Ceylon, Suez, various ports in the Mediterranean, before finally returning home to Virginia. Reckner reveals that the fleet's voyage of over 45,000 nautical miles produced a great deal of publicity for the United States Navy, ultimately boosting the prestige of American naval power abroad. However, he underscores the fact that the fleet had other national and international purposes as well. First, the U.S. Navy had to train the crews and determine the fleet's coal and provisions requirements. Reckner argues that the voyage confirmed various aspects of the Naval War College's new "War Plan Orange," the recently developed war plan against Japan. Second, the cruise launched a critical reexamination of the navy's administrative structure and the design for new ships. It ultimately led the U.S. Navy toward modernization, greater efficiency, and professionalism. Despite the effects of Roosevelt's Great White Fleet on naval matters, Reckner argues, the ultimate result of the fleet's voyage was its effect on foreign policy. The author points out that the traditional interpretation of the Great White Fleet as an example of Roosevelt's active foreign policy is erroneous. "This is a misconception," Reckner writes, "albeit one encouraged by Roosevelt himself" (p. 157). The author demonstrates that the voyage served as a good measure of the abilities of his battleship fleet in preparation for war. Accordingly, Reckner's study reinforces the connection between a strong military and an effective foreign policy. The author suggests that Roosevelt's "Big Stick" diplomacy, which served as a pillar to his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, depended on the effectiveness of a strong naval presence so that the president's declaration that the impotence or chronic instability of neighboring countries might force the U.S. to intervene in its neighbors' affairs to forestall foreign intervention would be taken seriously. The strength of Reckner's study, however, lies with his treatment of the fleet's voyage. Reckner points out how the fleet was received in South America, the Pacific, and Europe. At every port of call, the author maintains, the ships, officers, and men of the Great White Fleet received friendly receptions in a carnival-like atmosphere which everyone used as an excuse for public holidays and festivities. Teddy Roosevelt's Great White Fleet is intended for the student of history with a significant knowledge of naval affairs and the political and diplomatic situation in the U.S. at the turn of the century. Reckner's work serves as a good supplementary source for the origins and the various trials surrounding the U.S. Navy's move toward establishing a modern naval force.

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Drawing on previously untapped sources, naval historian James Reckner provides a complete picture of the fleet that thrust the United States into the ranks of great world naval powers. His fresh interpretations of the fleet's historic 1907-09 world cruise, which won him the 1989 Roosevelt Naval History Prize, allow today's readers to fully appreciate the significance of the famous fleet that set sail during Teddy Roosevelt's second term as president. Reckner recreates the colorful pageantry of the event--sixteen U.S. battleships on a fourteen-month voyage around the world--that drew thousands of sightseers at every port of call, but his main emphasis is on the cruise's long-range impact on the Navy. He shows how the cruise revealed the fleet's shortcomings and forced the naval establishment to acknowledge the faults and make concessions that eventually led to permanent benefits.--This text refers to the Paperback edition.

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Spy Sub: A Top Secret Mission to the Bottom of the Pacific Review

Spy Sub: A Top Secret Mission to the Bottom of the Pacific
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I was a "khaki" (an EOOW) on a 637-class boat in the Jimmy Carter years, with service that included two special operations, a Presidential Unit Citation and an 18-month nuclear refueling overhaul. I often still wake from uncomfortable "submarine dreams" even now, some twenty years after I left the service to go to graduate school. This is the book I will give my son to show him what it was like down there.
Ignore the junk on the dust jacket: it has almost nothing to do with the book and its strengths. "Spy Sub" has much more in common with "The Cruel Sea" (Nicholas Monsarrat's classic story of WWII convoy duty) than it has in common with "The Hunt for Red October", and what it has in common with Monsarrat makes it far more authentic than the Clancy novels. If you're thinking about signing up for sub duty, then you need to read this book to see what you're heading into.
If you're looking for a fast-paced, Hollywood-style "space opera of the undersea", however, this is definitely the book for you. Read Clancy's "The Hunt for Red October" and "Red Storm Rising" instead, if that is the case. You'll be entertained a lot and even informed a little. I enjoyed them, too. Just keep in mind that Clancy is a fiction writer whose professional task is to focus on the glamorous and ignore the rest.
Of all the submarine books I've seen and read, "Spy Sub" captures the stone cold sober reality of service aboard a nuclear submarine the best. It shows what it;s really like aboard a nuc boat most of the time, even on a spec op: studying, qualifying, standing watch, performing mountains of required preventive maintenance, keeping your temper in tight spaces, standing watch some more, noticing patterns before they became problems, fixing things that broke, going back on watch yet again, studying to qualify for the next higher watchstation on your off time, and just generally tending to the part of the mission that is your job, so the ship can do its job. Most of it isn't at all glamorous, and almost all of it is very hard work.
I'm not at all surprised that Petty Officer Dunham went on to medical school and a successful career as a physician after he finished his tour of sub duty. The men in dungarees I served with stood head and shoulders above most of my university classmates, and I watched many of them go on to spectacular careers in civilian life. If you read this book carefully and think about it, you will understand why that was so. There is no other experience on this planet that rubs your nose in the details of physical (and psychological) reality quite as thoroughly as service on a nuc boat. The only other experience that might come close is service as an astronaut on an Apollo moon shot.
It's not for everybody. But it's an unbeatable education. Read this book to see why.

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Pacific Air: How Fearless Flyboys, Peerless Aircraft, and Fast Flattops Conquered the Skies in the War with Japan Review

Pacific Air: How Fearless Flyboys, Peerless Aircraft, and Fast Flattops Conquered the Skies in the War with Japan
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Pacific Air is a collection of World War II aviation stories from the Pacific, along with some balancing material regarding the design and manufacture of some of the aircraft mentioned in the book. It is in the category of "Popular History," targeted to aviation war buffs who like to read about pilots "yankin' and bankin'" in combat.
In such a book, the author has the responsibility to
1) select representative stories and render them accuratly;
2) write in a fun and engaging manner;
3) provide a well organized presentation;
4) provide accurate background history to place the stories in context;
5) treat the reputations of our veterans with respect.
So, let's grade Sears' work in those categories:
1: some stories are inaccurate and sloppily retold
2: high marks, a well-written book
3: impossible to maintain a coherent thread
4: abysmal
5: he repeats a false story about one of our still-living veterans that is totally inaccurate and shows a shameful lack of research
1: Selecting representative stories and rendering them accurately: Sears introduces stories from a massive number of aviators, mostly culled from other secondary sources. He has original stories from two still-living aviators, but their combat tales are only a fraction of the last 15 pages of the book. As for the recast stories, Sears has done a sloppy job in at least one.
I decided to check on his re-telling of the story of Saburo Sakai's first aerial combat. Sears depicts it as a short battle. Sakai fires one burst, and "in that one prolonged burst, he had expended all his ammunition (57)," entirely different from what is in Sakai's book Samurai, where Sakai depicts an extended engagement with many bursts fired.
With a bit of purple prose, Sears also castigates Sakai's fellow aviators: "They's dangled him as bait only to rescue him from the enemy predator's hungry jaws. It was a cruel initiation rite that easily could have spelled his end" (57). But according to Sakai, "Anticipating that I might fumble with my controls in my first combat - as I did! - the flight leader had assigned one of the veteran pilots to cover my plane from behind" (29-30). Sakai's prescient and considerate leader is transformed by Sears into a nasty prankster.
This also illustrates one of Sear's poorer attributes: he is very willing to re-write history in order to get a more entertaining tale for his readers. We'll see more of that later.
2) write in a fun and engaging manner: that he does. Sears has an excellent writing style, and he brings his topic to life. He has a deft touch in selecting the telling fact or compelling incident that enlives his subject and bring out the color of a colorful group of aviators. Top marks.
But, characteristic of writing for this audience, he often descends into the morass of purple prose, like: "But in this chaotic and darkening day, fate stalked three of the men - theirs was a blood bond deeper than even shared traditions or camaraderie ... in the next months stretching into years ... In the next months stretching into years, it would snuff the lives (to enemy fire, captivity, or torture; to aircraft malfunctions, collisions, and crashes; to darkness, fog or typhoons; to drowning, exposure, starvation, dehydration, hypoxia, hypothermia or vertigo; to hesitation or overconfidence; to uncounted instances of the unknowable) if a third of the men who ventured from aircraft carrier decks over a hostile, pitiless and seemingly boundless Pacific Ocean" (14-15). Sheesh. Well, there is a market for that kind of stuff, and Sears really plays to that market.
3) provide a well organized presentation: well, according to your taste. Sears subdivides his tale in two sections, 20 chapters and about 370 "page breaks" where he changes topics. Most of the book is in short, one-half to one page vignettes, bouncing back and forth between the over 400 people mentioned in the index. The sections are edited like an MTV music video for an attention-deficit disorder audience. I found it impossible to maintain any continuity in the story, as I had to constantly flip back to remember the background for a particular character in his narrative. I don't have a perfect memory. If you don't either, approach the book with care, unless you are just interested in reading the stories uninhibited by context.
4) provide accurate background history to place the stories in context: really, really bad. Sears makes constant errors in fact and in interpretation. A small sampling:

*Germany's blitzkrieg was "unleashed against Northern Europe in August 1939" (80) instead of in September.
*At the beginning of the war, Admiral Ernest King, the Chief of Naval Operations, wanted to advance through the "Solomon Islands, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago" (112). In truth, King did not support this (partially MacArthur's) route of advance along New Guinea, believing the proper route was via the Central Pacific in accordance with the Navy's long-established Warplan ORANGE.
*The 1942 Lae / Salamaua strikes were "a huge success" (118); in fact they were a severe disappointment, with poor bombing accuracy.
*Relating a carrier battle, Sears writes that aerial torpedo hits at 2:44 PM "sealed Yorktown's fate" although "it would take hours (stretching into days) of indecision and struggle before Yorktown finally sank" (179). The actual time was 4:20 PM. The ship was being salvaged, but was hit the following afternoon by a Japanese submarine, unmentioned by Sears; these follow-on hits sank the ship. The first hits did not "seal her fate."
*Bombs that hit carriers are invariably described as "armor-piercing." The Japanese did not use AP bombs from dive bombers.
*After a Japanese bombardment of Guadalcanal Sears claimed that "Butt plates of fourteen and eighteen-inch rounds lay everywhere" (231). No Japanese ship mounting eighteen-inch guns ever bombarded Guadalcanal.
*Sears claimed that Japanese losses at Guadalcanal of two battleships, one carrier, five cruisers, twelve destroyers, and eight submarines were "equal in scope to the IJN's entire pre-war strength" (257). The IJN's strength on 6 December 1941 was 10 BB, 10 carriers, 38 cruisers, 108 destroyers and 68 submarines. Sears like to exaggerate to make his topic more dramatic.
*He states that 32 Essex class carriers were under construction or on order by August 1942 (263). The actual number was 23. He claimed that the conversion of Cleveland-class cruisers to light carriers was "necessitated by 1942's devastating carrier attrition at Coral Sea, Midway and Guadalcanal." Cleveland-class conversions began in January 1942, and six of the nine were on order prior to the Battle of the Coral Sea.
*Sears gives the deck armor of the battleship California as 14 inches, when it was actually 5.5 inches.
*He speaks of executing fighter tactics without "enemy-alerting radio warnings" (70), in spite of the fact that such transmissions could not possibly alert enemy fighters. Japanese Zeros mostly did not carry radios, and those few that carried them did not use them to monitor US transmissions.
The above are just a sampling of the types of errors that pop up with disconcerting frequency.
As one of his themes, Sears propagates the fable that surface officers - the "Gun Club" - saw aviation's value solely as the scouting eyes of the Battle Force. Previous aviation propagandists have exaggerated the "Aviators v. Gun Club" conflict, a story line overturned by recent research that has revealed a more cooperative, less acrimonious process in developing carrier doctrine. For an example, see American and British Aircraft Carrier Development, 1919 - 1941.
Sears also misinterprets other history. His version of a press conference held by Admiral John Towers, Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics:

Towers said, "It's the aircraft carrier that will spearhead the action in the next war." Sensing both Tower's unease and the sort of firestorm that such a statement might ignite in the Navy's Gun Club ranks and the halls of Congress, one reporter asked him to repeat (72).
Sears' reference for this exchange was Buell's Master of Sea Power: A biography of Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King. From page 343 (not 363, as cited by Sears):
"The reporters at first were silent. Finally one spoke: "Will you repeat that, Admiral."
Sears had NO FACTUAL BASIS to know what the reporter was thinking or sensing. Sears has the reporter sensing "Tower's unease" and a future "firestorm" in the "Gun Club's ranks and the halls of Congress," none of which can be drawn from Buell's text. PURE FABRICATION.

Worse, it is an inaccurate fabrication. Sears presents the statement as an attack by Towers against battleship proponents, in line with his aviators v. Gun Club theme. Such an attack was entirely out of character for Towers and inconsistent with his previous relations with surface officers. Towers was instead reacting to a crisis of an entirely different sort. There was a national shortage of machine tools. The Army Air Forces wanted to speed up the production of heavy bombers, taking priority over naval aviation for critical materials. Tower's statement to the reporters staked a claim for equality with the AAF, and was not an attack on the "Gun Club." See Admiral John H. Towers: The Struggle for Naval Air Supremacy, by Clark G. Reynolds (350 - 357).
In another story, Sears relates a tale about King's alleged dislike for Wilson Brown:

In February, when Lexington's Wilson Brown had communicated his desperate need for re-provisioning, King had...Read more›

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Success Is All That Was Expected: The South Atlantic Blockading Squadron During the Civil War Review

Success Is All That Was Expected: The South Atlantic Blockading Squadron During the Civil War
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One of the first measures imposed by the North on the South during the War was to establish a blockade. The United States Navy was ill prepared to enforce such a blockade. Officially the U.S. Navy consisted of ninety vessels. Only forty-two of these were in commission, the rest were in moth balls, or as it was called then 'in ordinary,' or they were on foreign station, or patrolling the Gulf coast. Nor were the ships that were available suited for blockade use. The Navy primarily had ships designed for deep water operations, not the shallow coastal areas typical of the southern coast.
As the title says, success was expected. The blockade of course lasted throughout the war. By the end the Navy was not only prepared, but was indeed able to effectively blockade these ports.
The particular area covered by the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron covered from Cape Fear to Cape Canaveral. This book joins the authors previous bookon the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron and presumably there is at least one more book to come in the series.

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Success Is All That Was Expected is a comprehensive operational history of the Union naval blockade that monitored the southern Atlantic coast from South Carolina to Florida during the American Civil War. Created in 1861 by the order of President Abraham Lincoln and charged with halting Confederate maritime commerce and closing Southern ports, the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron was the largest of the four Union coastal blockading squadrons for much of the conflict. This story covers the harrowing engagements between ships and forts, daring amphibious assaults, the battles between ironclad vessels, the harassment of Confederate blockade runners, and the incredible evolution of underwater warfare in the form of the CSS Hunley.The world's leading scholar of Union naval blockades during the Civil War, historian Robert Browning, reveals the squadron's numerous tactical accomplishments. He also illustrates how its success was constantly hampered by indecisive leaders in Washington who failed to express their strategic vision as well as by reputation-conscious naval commanders who were reluctant to press the fight when the specter of failure loomed. Despite lost opportunities, unfulfilled expectations, and failures along the way, the bravery, sacrifice, and vigilance of these fighting men played a crucial role in the Union's ultimate victory.

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Cruisers and Battle Cruisers: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (Weapons and Warfare) Review

Cruisers and Battle Cruisers: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (Weapons and Warfare)
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I very much enjoyed this book as a good overview of cruiser development. The stuff on the different types of cruisers, life aboard, and how they are used was great, and I really liked the detail that the author gave to ship's systems. If you're looking for a good overview of modern cruisers, this is the one.

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Naval shiphandling Review

Naval shiphandling
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This is an excellent source for information on Naval ship handling. It is a little dated, but the basic concepts remain the same. It covers everything from working alongside the pier through towing.

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The Right Thing Review

The Right Thing
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I remember watching the news reports of the tragic collision between the USS Greeneville and the Japanese fishing vessel Ehime Maru two years ago. I felt great compassion for the victims and their families, but I also felt sorry for the Sub Commander who despite his own grief over the 9 deaths, and the end of his career, found the strength to try and do what was right.
"The Right Thing" tells us the behind-the-scenes story of how Commander Waddle was left adrift at sea by the Navy in the aftermath of the tragedy with little direction, support or even adequate legal representation. Despite it all (guilt over the loss of life, the pain of being relieved of command, the intense pressure and expense of mounting a legal campaign to save his own life, being at the center of an international incident and media firestorm, and disappointment over the actions/inaction of the Navy he loved and served for 24 years)Commander Waddle took full responsibility for the accident and the performance of his crew. He even took the witness stand at great peril and against the strong advice of is lawyers. His requests to officially apologize after the incident were unheeded, and yet he felt compelled to personally apologize to the Japanese Government and to the families of the victims themselves. The irony here is that his actions after the event actually upheld the honor of the Navy and the United States, despite their treatment of him.
The testimony given in the Inquiry gives us the startling facts of what really happened and who actually had the information that could have avoided the accident.
I was inspired by this book. I was inspired by Commander Waddle's faith, determination and character. Ten chapters in I could not put it down and read until the early hours to finish.

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Perilous Fight: America's Intrepid War with Britain on the High Seas, 1812-1815 Review

Perilous Fight: America's Intrepid War with Britain on the High Seas, 1812-1815
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I have read quite a few books on the Naval war portion of the War of 1812. Usually, they will concentrate upon the thrilling single ship-to-ship battles of that war, mostly rousing and surprising-for-that-time American victories. This book does cover many of those battles and does so with style and panache, but it also covers the politics behind the War of 1812, and the human stories behind the battles.
For example the author shows us many explicit examples of American sailors being taken and impressed and their horrible mistreatment and even death by torture imposed upon them. "Perilous Fight: America's Intrepid War with Britain on the High Seas, 1812-1815" also covers tales of British naval arrogance and the fact they simply ignored International Law and treaties is capturing American merchant vessels. This- combined with the fact that America's merchant trade was the major source of income in that period- puts a better perspective on the reason for the war.
Excellent use of period sources and quotes, extensively footnoted and researched, this book is a solid scholarly work.
My one quibble is that it does take a bit long to get to the action- there's more than a hundred pages between "The Shores of Tripoli" and the Constitution vs the Guerriere.
And- there's even almost enough maps!
Even if you (like I) have read other books on the naval portion of the War of 1812, this book belongs in your collection.


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Power at Sea, Volume 2: The Breaking Storm, 1919-1945 Review

Power at Sea, Volume 2: The Breaking Storm, 1919-1945
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If you don't know the Battle of the Atlantic from the Battle of Leyte Gulf, you'll want to do a quick review of U.S. naval history during World War II before starting Dr. Rose's second volume in his Power at Sea trilogy. That said, I think that even the casual historian will find this book well worth their while. A revealing look into the rise of the aircraft carrier as the dominate weapon of sea power is only one of the several intriguing topics covered. I was particularly fascinated by the section that described how close the axis nations actually came to winning the war they had so recklessly begun. This book provides an excellent look into the era in which the United States surpassed Great Britain as the greatest sea power in the world.

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U.S. Warships of World War 2 Review

U.S. Warships of World War 2
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I am a lifelong Navy buff, and "US Warships of World War II" has been one of my favorites for 30 years. Every American warship in service 1939-45 is included, from battleships to Army troop transports to sub chasers and PT boats. The fate of every ship disposed of prior to the early 1960's is included. It would be great if some buff such as myself (with more time than I have) would research the fate of the other ships and update the book in a new edition, since all but a handful of the ships have been scrapped by now. My only complaint about this book (and the other Ian Allen "Warships of World War II" books) is that the launching date and not the commissioning date is given for each ship. I really wish that the series were reprinted. The only comparable book that I am aware of is "Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II", which has the advantage of including the minor navies.

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Battleships: United States Battleships, 1935-1992 Review

Battleships: United States Battleships, 1935-1992
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Bill Garzke and Bob Dulin have outdone themselves again. When I was the structural project leader to direct the hull and armor redesigns for the reactivation of the Battleship NEW JERSEY at Long Beach Naval Shipyard (the planning yard for the Battleships), we used their earlier edition of this book as our general guide. Two members of my design team brought in their personal copies and kept them handy so I could include excerpts from them for official Navy memos and instructions. The Naval archives were sorely lacking detailed chemical and heat treating records of the Class A and Class B armor of the Battleships. A quick phone call to Bill Garzke gave me an armor expert on the west coast that had all the data our designers and welding engineers needed. Thanks, Bill. I owe you one. The only thing I have found missing from this edition is the fantastic Gibbs & Cox scheme D Battleship that was half Battleship and half Aircraft Carrier and was actually bought by the Soviet Union in WW II, but never built. In this edition, perhaps the most important section is the one devoted to the disasterous incident of turret II on the IOWA where 47 men were killed. The authors go into meticulous detail as to actual facts and almost every conceivable theory as to what caused the deflageration (not an explosion). However, they are properly cautious as not to force their personal opinions on the reader. Yet they give enough detail, including histories of past turret incidents on other Battleships, so the reader can draw his own conclusions. There are a few typos and descrepancies between the text and the illustrations. For example, the text correctly identifies the powder in the propellent bags as D846 where the illustrations identify it as B846. Also, the elevation sketch indicates that the heavily armored turret bustle hatch was blown off when in fact it was the turret bustle hatch ACCESS PLATFORM below the bustle (overhang) that was blown over the side. But these are miniscule descrepancies only an "insider" like me would know (I was tasked to write a repair procedure). All in all, it is unthinkable that any true Battleship historian or lover would be without this book. Actually, both the 1976 and this 1995 edition should be in every Naval Architect's library. Richard A. Landgraff DREADNAUGHT CONSULTING Long Beach, California

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